Introduction Well foundations are one of the types of deep foundations that provide a solid and massive foundation typically for bridges and heavy structures. Well foundations are also useful for transmission line towers, where uplift loads are large. In earlier practice, well foundations were constructed with stone or brick, but today they are mostly of reinforced concrete. The advantages of well foundations are that they are monolithic and rigid, being a massive substructure. They have better lateral load resistance than pile foundations. Well foundations can also be conveniently installed in a boulder stratum as well. Well foundations had their origin in India and have been used for hundreds of years for providing deep foundations for important buildings and bridges. Many Mughal monuments, including the famous Taj Mahal and several bridges, were supported on well foundations. The largest well used in the world in the early part of 20th century is the 73.8-m deep caisson provided f...